Each season is not fixed to strict dates but aligns with environmental indicators observed year to year. The seasons reflect the Aboriginal peoples’ connection to the land and highlight the importance of living in harmony with the environment.
During Birak, rain eases and warm weather takes hold. Morning easterlies feed the heat, while afternoon breezes cool the air. Known as the ‘first summer,’ it’s the fire season for the Noongar, marked by controlled burns to reduce fuel, rejuvenate pastures, and aid seed germination. Fledglings take flight, reptiles shed skins, and baby frogs embrace adulthood under the rising sun.
Bunuru, the 'second summer,' is the warmest time of year with little rain. Hot easterly winds, tempered by coastal breezes, allowed Noongar people to thrive by coasts, rivers, and estuaries, feasting on freshwater and seafood. White flowers of Jarrah, Marri, and Ghost Gums bloom fully. Female Zamia's cones ripen from green to bright red, attracting emus (weitj) with their vibrant allure as the dry heat persists.
Djeran brings cooler nights and dewy mornings, with red flowers like Red Flowering Gum and Summer Flame. Around Perth, Sheoaks bear red 'rust' and seed cones, and Banksias bloom, providing nectar for small mammals and birds. Zamia seeds, yanget root bulbs, fish, frogs, and turtles nourished the Noongar people. This was the time Noongar people began preparing their Mia Mias (homes) for the heavier rains to come.
Makuru is the wettest and coldest time of year, marked by clustering clouds. Traditionally, Noongar people moved inland as waterways swelled and food sources shifted from sea to land, focusing on kangaroos. Animals paired for breeding, crows danced, and black swans prepared for nesting. Blueberry Lilies and Purple Flags adorned the landscape with blues and purples, signalling the approaching Djilba season.
Djilba unveils the South West's floral explosion, starting with Golden Acacia blooms. It blends icy clarity with warm rains, gentle breezes, and occasional sun. Traditionally, land-based grazing animals sustain, with kangaroos, emus, and possums (koomal) providing. As warmth returns, newborns learn from parents. Woodland birds guard nests, while balgas prepare for Kambarang, their flower stalks unfurling in anticipation.
Kambarang season bursts with vibrant colours. Acacias, Banksias, and Kangaroo Paws paint the landscape with yellow and orchid shades. Balgas bloom after fires, and the Moodjar tree heralds heat with orange-yellow flowers. October awakens snakes, while young birds chirp for food, guarded by magpies. As warmth increases, transformation sweeps the land, signalling the onset of heat.